A Comprehensive Guide to Metal Detectors
Metal detectors are invaluable tools for treasure hunters, archaeologists, and hobbyists alike. They allow users to locate metal objects buried in the ground, such as coins, jewelry, and relics. Whether you're a beginner or an advanced user, understanding the different types of metal detectors, their features, and the best models on the market can greatly enhance your metal detecting experience.
There are three main types of metal detectors: VLF (Very Low Frequency), PI (Pulse Induction), and BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillation). Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, making it important to choose the right one for your specific needs.
VLF metal detectors are the most common type and are suitable for general-purpose metal detecting. They are affordable, lightweight, and have adjustable settings that allow users to discriminate between different types of metals. However, they are more susceptible to interference from mineralized soil.
PI metal detectors, on the other hand, are more powerful and can penetrate deeper into the ground. They are great for finding deep treasures and are less affected by mineralized soil. However, they are more expensive and less effective at discriminating between different types of metals.
BFO metal detectors are the simplest type and are generally used for casual metal detecting. They are affordable and easy to use, but they lack the advanced features and discrimination capabilities of VLF and PI metal detectors.
Types of Metal Detectors
VLF Metal Detectors: VLF (Very Low Frequency) metal detectors are the most common type and are suitable for general-purpose metal detecting. They operate at a low frequency and can detect a wide range of metals, including coins, jewelry, and relics. VLF metal detectors have adjustable settings that allow users to discriminate between different types of metals, which is useful in areas with high mineralization. However, they are more susceptible to interference from mineralized soil.
PI Metal Detectors: PI (Pulse Induction) metal detectors are more powerful and can penetrate deeper into the ground. They are great for finding deep treasures and are less affected by mineralized soil. PI metal detectors work by emitting short bursts of current that create a magnetic field. When a metal object is detected, the magnetic field is disturbed, creating a signal. PI metal detectors are less effective at discriminating between different types of metals compared to VLF metal detectors, but they excel at depth detection.
BFO Metal Detectors: BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillation) metal detectors are the simplest type and are generally used for casual metal detecting. They work by generating two continuous frequencies that are slightly different from each other. When a metal object is detected, the frequencies interfere with each other, creating an audible sound. BFO metal detectors are affordable and easy to use, but they lack the advanced features and discrimination capabilities of VLF and PI metal detectors.
Features to Consider
Sensitivity: The sensitivity of a metal detector determines its ability to detect small or deeply buried objects. Higher sensitivity means the detector can pick up weaker signals, but it may also result in more false signals from mineralized soil or nearby objects.
Discrimination: Discrimination is the ability of a metal detector to differentiate between different types of metals. This feature allows users to ignore unwanted targets, such as nails or aluminum foil, and focus on valuable items. Some detectors have preset discrimination patterns, while others allow users to customize the settings.
Ground Balance: Mineralized soil can cause false signals and reduce the accuracy of a metal detector. Ground balance is a feature that compensates for mineralization and helps maintain stable performance. It adjusts the detection circuitry to ignore the effects of mineralized soil and focus on detecting metal objects.
Target ID: Target ID is a feature that provides a visual or audio indication of the probable identity of a detected metal object. It helps users make an informed decision about whether to dig or ignore a target. Target ID is typically displayed as a numerical value or a category, such as iron, foil, nickel, pull-tab, zinc penny, etc.
Depth Indicator: A depth indicator shows the estimated depth of a detected target. It helps users determine how deep they need to dig to retrieve the object. However, it's important to note that depth indicators are not always 100% accurate and may vary depending on factors such as soil composition and the size of the object.
Best Metal Detectors for Beginners
Garrett ACE 300: The Garrett ACE 300 is a highly recommended metal detector for beginners. It is easy to use, affordable, and offers excellent performance. The ACE 300 has adjustable discrimination, depth indication, and a large search coil for better coverage. It also has a built-in pinpointing feature that helps users locate targets with precision.
Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV: The Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV is another popular choice for beginners. It is lightweight, easy to assemble, and has simple controls. The TK4 Tracker IV features a discrimination mode that allows users to filter out unwanted targets and focus on valuable items. It also has an adjustable sensitivity control for fine-tuning the detection capabilities.
Fisher F22: The Fisher F22 is a great entry-level metal detector with advanced features. It has a weatherproof design, making it suitable for all-weather conditions. The F22 offers adjustable sensitivity, discrimination, and volume controls. It also has a large LCD screen that provides information about target depth and probable target identification.
Best Metal Detectors for Advanced Users
Minelab Equinox 800: The Minelab Equinox 800 is a high-performance metal detector with advanced features. It offers multi-frequency technology, allowing users to detect a wide range of targets. The Equinox 800 has multiple operating modes, including park, field, beach, and gold. It also has adjustable settings for sensitivity, discrimination, and ground balance.
XP Deus: The XP Deus is a top-of-the-line metal detector for advanced users. It is known for its lightweight and wireless design, making it extremely comfortable to use. The Deus offers a wide range of features, including multiple operating frequencies, adjustable settings for sensitivity and discrimination, and advanced target separation capabilities.
Nokta Makro Simplex+: The Nokta Makro Simplex+ is a versatile metal detector that offers advanced features at an affordable price. It has a waterproof design, allowing users to detect in shallow water. The Simplex+ has multiple search modes, including all-metal, field, park, and beach. It also has adjustable settings for sensitivity, discrimination, and ground balance.
Metal Detecting Tips and Techniques
Choosing the Right Location: The success of metal detecting greatly depends on choosing the right location. Researching historical sites, public parks, beaches, and areas with high foot traffic can increase your chances of finding valuable items. It's also important to obtain permission before metal detecting on private property.
Proper Swing Technique: The way you swing your metal detector can greatly affect its performance. Maintain a steady and consistent swing speed, keeping the search coil parallel to the ground. Overlapping your swings and moving in a grid pattern can help ensure full coverage of the area.
Understanding Metal Detector Signals: Metal detectors produce different signals depending on the target's conductivity, size, and depth. Learning to interpret these signals through practice is crucial for distinguishing between valuable targets and trash. Pay attention to signal strength, consistency, and any audio or visual target identification features.
Digging Techniques: When you locate a target, proper digging techniques are important to minimize damage to the area and preserve the target. Use a handheld digger or a small shovel to carefully remove the soil. Place the excavated soil on a tarp or in a bucket to easily refill the hole once you retrieve the target.
Metal Detecting Accessories
Pinpointers: Pinpointers are handheld devices that help locate the exact location of a target in the ground. They emit a more concentrated signal, allowing for precise pinpointing and minimizing digging time.
Digging Tools: A good set of digging tools is essential for metal detecting. A handheld digger or a small shovel can help excavate targets without causing unnecessary damage to the surrounding area. Look for durable and lightweight tools that are easy to carry during long detecting sessions.
Headphones: Using headphones while metal detecting can greatly enhance your experience. They help block out background noise and allow you to hear faint signals more clearly. Look for headphones with volume control and comfortable ear cups for extended use.
Carrying Bags: Carrying bags or backpacks are useful for storing and transporting your metal detector and accessories. Look for bags with padded compartments to protect your equipment and adjustable straps for a comfortable fit.
Metal Detecting Etiquette
Respecting Private Property: Always obtain permission before metal detecting on private property. Respect any posted signs and boundaries, and leave the area as you found it. Fill in any holes you dig and remove any trash or litter.
Filling in Holes: When digging for targets, it's important to properly fill in the holes to prevent accidents and maintain the integrity of the area. Use a handheld digger or shovel to carefully replace the soil and pack it down to match the surrounding ground level.
Properly Disposing of Trash: Metal detecting often involves uncovering trash and debris along with valuable items. It is important to dispose of any trash responsibly. Carry a trash bag with you and dispose of any trash in designated bins or take it with you to dispose of later.
Metal Detecting Safety
Wearing Protective Gear: When metal detecting, it's important to protect yourself from potential hazards. Wear sturdy gloves to avoid injuries from sharp objects and use sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun. In areas with dense vegetation or wildlife, consider wearing long pants and boots for added protection.
Avoiding Hazards: Be aware of your surroundings and avoid areas with potential hazards, such as unstable structures, cliffs, or deep water. Be cautious when digging and use proper technique to minimize the risk of injury. If you encounter any hazardous materials or suspicious items, notify the authorities immediately.
Staying Hydrated: Metal detecting can be a physically demanding activity, especially during hot weather. Remember to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and take regular breaks to rest and cool down. It's also a good idea to carry a small snack to maintain energy levels.